Recently, environmental protection ministry announced gross of main contaminant of 2012 year whole nation to decrease a circumstance of the punishment that check, nodded infrequently China report, god China, medium petrifaction, medium aluminous, medium the name of the many center look forward to such as oil and local bibcock enterprise. Afore-mentioned industries move out of order because of desulphurization establishment, practise fraud of the data that monitor and be reported, be hanged out his shingle to supervise and direct by environmental protection ministry, instruct deadline to rectify and reform, blowdown of 2 oxidation sulfur expends pursue and wipe out, give economy is punished.
Central leader comrade emphasizes for many times, want to build responsibility to find out a system, disregard zoology environment to those the blind and decision-making, person that causes serious consequence, must investigate its duty, and should lifelong find out. Face still grim air quality situation, aggrandizement administration is superintended already became whole society consensus. But " economic reference signs up for " the reporter understands in interview, to attending " zoology is driven one's deceased father " various government and branch of its environmental protection, of administratthe best spring poolive power " intervene " and " exit " be not a to be not this namely the only selection of subject of those.
Be in the place of the vacancy that environmental protection superintends, of the enterprise treat corrupt equipment or refus uneasiness is installed, perhaps be installed and need not, treat especially corrupt enterprise and blowdown enterprise are based on " the cost that decrease a platoon is the smallest change " interest consensus, action of blind pursuit low bids, cause the quality can concern of the equipment that decrease a platoon. Be in the place of the offside that environmental protection superintends, "The door that tap a head " decision-making and serious the normal production that disturbed an enterprise, just build, have not join movement treat corrupt establishment dies young because of the new policy of frequent change, investment of business early days hit water to float; Enterprise by various government the target decreasing a platoon of layer upon layer raise the quota is done suffocatively, the project that decrease a platoon must drive time limit for a project.
"Abide by the law cost is high, illegal cost is low " the current situation that still is Chinese environmental protection. What mist haze administers is essential, depending on reasonable delimit government, market, society 3 person attrib border, defend the territory of his country already have duty, nonaggression, form thereby " air guards battle " the most extensive united front.
Superintend " vacancy " " offside " the enterprise is abide by the law be in an unfavorable situation instead
Wash out tall pollution to produce can, business of day of big mist haze is restricted to produce, sign decrease a platoon " military orders shape " ... since this year, various local government weighs a fist to hit out, meet mist haze head-on. But " economic reference signs up for " reporter survey discovery, environmental protection branch is existing at the same time in mist haze processing " superintendency offside " and " superintendency vacancy " phenomenon: On one hand, company of large fire phone is carrying out the whole world the most severe discharge a standard, be faced with environmental protection branch however " the door that tap a head " the environmental protection storm that raise, bull is superintended, frequency of index raise the quota, policy changes bring about enterprise not know what to do; On the other hand, "The law nots comply, execute the law lax, break the law not investigate " the phenomenon still exists, denounce of a few enterprises is gigantic endowment getting environmental protection can be be out of pocket earns cry out only; Another some of enterprise criterion would rather fine of pay blowdown cost, administration also does not wish to administer pollution. Basic level personage suggests, superintendency branch should as early as possible from " offside is nodded " exit, " vacancy is nodded " fill on, processing of haze letting mist has Zhang Ke follow, the law is depended on surely.
Those who regard air pollution as content " discharge large family " , the enterprise interior personage such as igneous report, iron and steel is mirrorred to the reporter in succession, body of present environmental protection inspect is revealed thick " magisterial volition " , the blame continuity of relevant policy and " flexible sex " , the igneous power plant that causes basic level, refinery wards off blows hard.
Cartel of Chinese electric power is met (abbreviation " in electric couplet " ) relevant personage expresses, of igneous cable industry discharge a standard already prep above iron and steel, cement, even desulphurization rate is higher than the United States. But environmental protection branch changes in the light of the policy frequency of igneous cable industry, guild opinion was not sought before policy comes on stage, the transition that also did not install policy be born period, bring about power company not know what to do. Some electric power ends an in-house personage tells look forward to the reporter, environmental protection ministry just was carried out 2012 " air of igneous report contaminant discharges a standard " , be opposite again at the beginning of 2013 division of control of key of 47 air pollution is carried out " history on the most severwatch case manufacturere " special discharge limitation, cause the establishment of partial environmental protection that just builds to want to undertake 2 times transforming again, increased environmental protection establishment transform cost.
Personages of afore-mentioned center look forward to still express, the gross of air the best selling north face shirtspollution content controls index to also be faced with bull to superintend. At present environmental protection ministry is mixed already generate electricity the group signed gross to decrease a responsibility book, signed similar responsibility book with local government again. Because in finished state meets responsibility book,evaluation of influence industry annulus is approved and to local officmodern dining chairsial ask duty, a few local government are on the foundation of responsibility book, be opposite again the index decreasing a platoon of partial power plant " next layer upon layer pressing, raise the price of the commodities step by step " , to enterprise whole arrangement the task that decrease a platoon caused difficulty.
Drive time limit for a project to make quality of the project that decrease a platoon assures hard. Afore-mentioned in electric couplet personage cited a case, the reasonable construction time limit for a project of the device that take off saltpetre is a year, below the pressure of local government, time limit for a project is shortened 78 months, have 3 months only even. "There had been saltpetre unit last year, just built achievement to break down collapsed, device is to be built in flue inside, flue is stemmed, whole set cannot send telegram. " this personage says.
One does not wish to divulge the public figure of environmental protection industry of the full name is mirrorred to the reporter, work continuously in 779 meters headroom, turn even the axis every day, every day be nervous. This personage still hears a client constantly such complaining: "Doesn't the State Council still put forward ' do not drive time limit for a project ' does safe production ask? But some local government are to igneous power plant many hour also does not give, make by force namely saltpetre plant must be started before 12 o'clock in the evening one of these day. Make by force namely saltpetre plant must be started before 12 o'clock in the evening one of these day..
To avoid " the door that tap a head " decision-making, accept the industrial industry that cover and controller of environmental protection company to think, in answering to policy of environmental protection of slam the door is made and be carried out " magisterial volition " , what make a processing of stage PM 2.5 as soon as possible is medium long-term schedule and route chart. On one hand, avoid the microcosmic policy excessive intervention to the market, the investment of specific company and redound anticipate; On the other hand, avoid policy frequency to change bring about air pollution to administer an industry big cases to fall greatly, the health that affects environmental protection industry develops.
It is besides offside, environmental protection superintendency more is reflected for vacancy, policy of national environmental protection often encounters " soft carry out " . Shanxi saves vise general manager of company of a cooking to express, upper section published environmental protection new standard, the requirement applies since this year, place has half above company unqualified. To patronize these businesses, him local government gave 2 years " amortize period " , the ability after 2 years is carried out completely, "Is this to falling into disuse to still urge backward company? "Is this to falling into disuse to still urge backward company??
"Illegal cost is low, abide by the law cost is high. " a few companies invest to get environmental protection gigantic, be immersed in however " bad money drives out fine money " condition. Mid pour out one's woes of controller of company of chemical industry of a coal says: "Investment of our environmental protection already exceeded 100 million yuan, include to remove dust equipment of station, to decoke, bring about a product to be in inferior position on price competition. Company product sells 1100 yuan every tons, and others sells 1000 yuan every tons only, result market admits not to make the product of environmental protection enterprise only. Result market admits not to make the product of environmental protection enterprise only..
"Violate compasses blowdown to have so that earn " more become an enterprise to violate blowdown " amulet " . Controller of company of one chemical industry gives the Gansu Province the reporter calculated brushstroke Zhang: Produce per year 10 million tons cement plant, if cast carry to reduce what air pollution content discharges to take off saltpetre equipment, will increase cost every year to exceed 50 million yuan, but out of service can save hundred thousands of yuan 1 day; Even if is investigated by environmental protection branch, just also be fined 200 thousand yuan at most. Accordingly, some eni want modern dining chairsterprises pay fee of amerce, blowdown rather, also be not administered.
north face shirtsChief also has the same feeling related bureau of environmental protection of city of Shanxi province Taiyuan. This personage says, a few enterprises are handling equipment of environmental protection of open of the ability when ranking examination only, ferial li of equipment unused or cannot stabilize the condition that run to happen from time to tome continuously. Even if is reachcaptured active, also punish 100 thousand yuan of fluctuation only commonly, do not rise to attack action.
"Violate blowdown phenomenon for enterprise of effective keep within limits, should increase an environment to break the law to execute the law and penalize strength! " the expert appeal such as Chai Fage of assistant dean of academy of Chinese environment science, cancel to violate blowdown to fine ceiling regulation, adopt " press day plan to punish " , violate compasses blowdown to the enterprise, once check solid punish " dead " , form powerful legal awe force thereby, let protect an environment to make the rational choice of the enterprise. Actually, standing committee of countrywide National People's Congress refers to undertake 2 careful by last month " law of environmental protection " amendment draft already had similar provision: "Enterprise institution breaks the law discharge contaminant, be fined punishment, the deadline that be instructed is corrected, exceed the time limit does not correct, the executive authority that makes condemnatory decision lawfully is OK according to former punishment amount presses day of successive punishment. " but as a result of " press day plan to punish " the clause is deleted in draft of first instance draft for a time, this clause whether enter finally " law of environmental protection " return existence uncertainty.
Minister of environmental protection ministry emphasized on enlarged meeting of leading Party group of environmental protection department a few days ago, cluvancouver to harrison hot springstch drive " law of air pollution prevention and cure " those who wait for legal laws and regulations edit. To this, expert proposal, should take east wind of relevant law castigatory, the law that sets a to the letter " high tension line " , severity hits those harborring to violate annulus of blowdown enterprise, project to judge " open an eye to close a key point " , the administration of the environmental practise fraud that monitor violates act, treat person of relevant section liability gravely.
Blowdown of contaminative industry rarely is treated corrupt company light quality
" economic reference signs up for " reporter survey understands, because environmental protection superintends existence scotoma and flaw, the part is treated corrupt enterprise and blowdown enterprise are based on " gain is the biggest change " target pursuit is cheap environmental protection, cause chaos of environmental protection industry the elephant is fascicular. To treating corrupt the buyer of equipment, some enterprises although mount a horse environmental protection equipment, but ferial in its " lay aside and neglect " , the ability when be in charge of severely is used deal with an examination. Some enterprises for managing operation cost, do not ask to use device by the design, "The pony pulls cart " cause environmental protection " small effect disease " . To treating corrupt the bargainor of equipment, some enterprises to peddle environmental protection equipment or service, blindly depress price, drive in an attempt to of time limit for a project to win the bid, bring about low defective goods to hold the market.
The reporter comes to the discovery when the survey inside city of Lanzhou of the Gansu Province, business of this city industry exceeds 2000, when the blowdown that asks these companies amounts to mark to lead, ground of face dew appear to be reluctant says Yan Zijiang of director of bureau of Lanzhou city environmental protection: "How do this say? Mark is amounted to when detect, you go basic not to amount to mark. Treat corrupt struggle like a Bo Yihe with blowdown. Treat corrupt struggle like a Bo Yihe with blowdown..
"Before the desulphurization unit that private steelworks buys us, the half was not used, mist haze is serious this year, the government is in charge of a few more severely, but the steel mill that still 23 is become is trashy. " the heat addition boiler that limited company of engineering of Beijing Li Deheng environmental protection produces removes dust, desulphurization equipment sells the home such as Xi'an, Huhhot, Shenyang many cities. Yang Wenji of company chief engineer says, in the heat addition boiler of the city that has business dealings, about 10% to 20% did not use environmental protection device, be in especially small town, the utilization rate of device of boiler environmental protection is lower.
"modern dining chairsPolicy fathered to be used, lax need not. " Yang Wenji calculated pen Zhang to the reporter, integrated charge of each environmental protection, need not the steelworks of environmental protection equipment can reach 1 million yuan a few one year below the province, old steel mill can save below 889 yuan.
Join movement besides the desulphurization, equipment that take off saltpetre rate is inferior, some enterprises to reduce operation cost, disregard air pollution to administer the effect and go after minimum price blindly to win the bid, or do not ask to use device by the design, "The pony pulls cart " predicament from this and unripe.
To decoke of association of industry of Chinese environmental protection takes off Lu Guangjie of saltpetre committee deputy secretary-general to say, it is with igneous power plant exemple, desulphurization device according to design original intention, can burn only same kind of coal of character, if of coal contain sulfur content wave motion is too big, device of this environmental protection will not move normally. Desulphurization device applies to low sulfur coal, but it is cheap to compare low sulfur coal as a result of tall sulfur coal, because this whole power industry uses tall sulfur coal generally, this meeting brings about equipment dependability to reduce, press those who ask to realize air pollution thing to decrease a platoon hard.
It is blowdown enterprise not merely, treat corrupt the enterprise also is being acted in process of mist haze processing not quite the part of glorious. Suffer visit an expert to express, suffer environmental policy to guide, environmental protection industry grows in recent years rapid, but the product is coessential change the circumstance such as mark of the serious, competition that do not have foreword, malign contest to highlight, partial enterprise is share of market of race to control, those who offer treat corrupt unit value even under cost, product reliability can care.
On one hand, strict with each passing day blowdown asked to increase the market to be opposite treat corrupt the demand of equipment. Lu Guangjie says, "925 " plan to put forward, existing aircrew should be finished before July 1, 2014 accord with " air of igneous report contaminant discharges a standard " desulphurization, take off saltpetre to transform, this is meant, blowdown enterprise should be in short two to 3 years begin to go up centrally inside time saltpetre equipment, produce in what have can fall, the activator that take off saltpetre appeared at a draught 30% to the breach of supply and demand of 40% , money also cannot be bought.
On the other hand, "From the point of development of estate of whole environmental protection, the company that can hold good the look of things for a long time in intense competition is not much, the practice block up of a lot of nearsightedness the profession persists healthy progress. " Chinese resource uses Ma Bingquan of director of council of association technology equipment integratedly to express.
Specific and character, company of production of environmental protection equipment nots hesitate to drive time limit for a project the environmental protection that carrying the desulphurization, project that take off saltpetre on the head, safe risk has production, bring about quality of environmental protection equipment to be ensured adequately hard. In the personage discloses to the reporter related electric couplet, some projects always wrapped an enterprise to receive too much " make the key " project, be afraid of already by too much work " maintain dead " , do not be willing to forgo market opportunity again, that has two roads to be able to go only: A road is action person, the enlarge in a year enrolled some enterprises hundreds of people are very consummate 1000 people, finite circumstance is opened to fall in major of domestic university environment, of professional technology personnel groom become big question, the new employee that wishs to work one year now can be become project manager; Another road is project subcontract, the enterprise of before the industry is ranked 20 gives small construction group project subcontract, bring about project quality to be ensured hard.
In addition, because environmental protection enterprise is at present coessential,spend competition serious, to acquire larger market share, environmental protection enterprise goes after low to win the bid more, not hesitate thereby the product quality of the sacrificial to decoke, equipment that take off saltpetre. Wei Rupeng of secretary-general of association of industry of environmental protection of the Gansu Province says, a two tons dust catcher cost most at least wants 50 thousand yuan, some enterprises are done with 20 thousand yuan cost, the price is very low but cannot assure the following move normally.
"When we enter contest bid, come up against invite public bidding to just writing minimum price to win the bid constantly, they do not discharge a standard by the country however self-ordained be seleted a doorsill, disregard blowdown effect to seek minimum price blindly. Sometimes the desulphurization unit value of boiler machinery is poor 3 to 4 times, some quoted price are lower than our cost. " new artery of Beijing west hill removes dust Zhao Meng of general manager of desulphurization limited company complains say.
Yang Wenji of chief engineer of limited company of engineering of Beijing Li Deheng environmental protection thinks, press national level, desulphurization equipment can use 30 years, but actually a lot of equipment went up a few years to need to change, function is basic short of standard. Superintend as environmental protection especially strict with each passing day, a few enterprises must transform environmental protection unit afresh, heibei saves Tang Shan city to made an appointment with 4 agreement private steelworks to tear open device of unqualified environmental protection to rebuild afresh, create enormous investment waste.
Industry public figure says frankly to the reporter, 2000 up to now, the environmental protection enterprise of desulphurization industry had been washed out 3 stubble; The closest installed capacity that take off saltpetre is in big wave crest, if weigh the track of an overturned cart of industry of skip to decoke, after producing can quick dilate, those who await saltpetre industry, will be another big trough that can foreknow.
Data builds a holiday to become " go compasses " perpendicular management beard is perfect
Since this year, 74 cities of our country are begun by air quality new standard monitor and release the information such as PM 2.5 in real time. This month, environmental protection ministry is monitoring working quality automatically to countrywide environment to have special inspection. Environmental protection ministry the chief engineer emphasizes 10 thousand times to this too, quality of the data that monitor is the lifeline of environmental protection person not only, also be the red line of impassable of civilization of zoology of carry out travel. Should establish " number of defectives does not have data according to comparing more terrible " concept.
However, controller of production company of the equipment of an envfree modern dining chairsironmental protection that monitor tells " economic reference signs up for " reporter: "Environmental quality monitors data cheat, inside the course of study that has been this a few years ' go regular ' . " this chief says, when some local government purchase equipment, say clearly to hope data can be measured a few lower.
Environmentalist of many basic level says frankly, when before some of place monitors atmosphere environment quality, put in the circumstance of a few practise fraud really, the monitoring point with include to choose quality painstakingly good and the instrument of on the low side of the result that monitor, the sense of reality that this explained to quality of a lot of environments monitors data and public gets the reason with bigger error.
The reporter still understands, our country with a vast territory, the presence such as feature of content of prethe most popular north face shirtsssure of different area temperature, humidity, air, grain is larger difference, suffer this effect, PM 2.5 chroma also is existing huge difference. However, the sampling of the instrument of PM 2.5 of countrywide each district that monitor is at present fiducial, purchase, installation, debug, data is collected wait for corresponding standard and did not unite, the quality of national level controls a standard to also have not come on stage, this also builds a holiday to bury to data played a hint foreshadowing later developments in a story.
"The even if result that monitor is accurate, but fax means is used when each district reports data before, still give violated modification data to offer possibility. " Li Yu country says president of Inc. of science and technology of Heibei beginning environmental protection.
To this, environmental protection ministry asks, aggrandizement quality is controlled, add net of couplet of consolidate of close, hardware, real time to release through software wait for measure, promote the accuracy of data and reliability, have close check to the monitoring job of each district. The person such as Li Yu country thinks, couplet net releases the accuracy that can let the data such as PM 2.5 in real time taller, this is a very great progress. Nevertheless they also admit, the PM 2.5 nowadays monitors the space that still is put in cheat, because monitor equipment manufacturer to provide hardware and partial software, still a few software can be controlled by place.
According to Li Yu wife person analyses country and additionally a few line of business, the reason of the cheat that monitor includes to reduce public opinion pressure, avert social panic, still include a kind of case, fear too poor meeting affects environmental quality data namely " government-owned cap " . The State Council is standing the conference recently with respect to deploy air pollution prevents and cure 10 measure, the requirement strengthens population processing of PM 2.5 of big city of concentrated area and key, compose builds pair of each provinces (area, city) responsibility of target of atmosphere environment punish examines a system.
Zhang Xiangzhi of vice director of the center of Jiangsu province environment that monitor also reminds say, the country has restriction of a few time to PM 2.5 processing now, let chroma how much reduce to which year for instance, jumping-off place is good. However, air pollution processing has his underlying law, with structure of the sources of energy, industry structure and even lifestyle be closely bound up, cannot accomplish the whole task at one stroke. He suggests, consider each district as a whole actual condition, pay attention to long-term program and advance in order, and rather than seeks temporarily interesting data.
Suffer visit an expert to suggest then, want vigilant PM 2.5 to become the data with new local government to make a holiday " heavy disaster area " . Chai Fage of assistant dean of academy of Chinese environment science thinks, the country pollutes air processing to mention unprecedented height, this one change is worth affirmation, but also because of such, cadre of a few basic level may PM 2.5 monitor regard project of an achievement in one's post with processing.
In fact, processing air monitors data to make a holiday, the responsibility of branch of since environmental protection, what also have environmental protection department is helpless. "Environmental protection job lies in crack, " the first to be appointed to an office of bureau othe most popular watch casesf former state environmental protection corrupt Wang Hanchen of director accusing department sighs with emotion, "Branch of basic level environmental protection should comply with already environmental protection ministry thisbrass faucet aerator ' mother-in-law ' , should comply with again local government that ' mother-in-law ' ——— place government often opposes environmental protection and economic progress again rise.
Accept the personage inside the industry that the reporter covers to think, in view of the environment the system that monitor has sensitivity, to prevent a place to stem from achievement in one's post to consider cheat, answer to perfect perpendicular government mechanism further, utmost ground reduces local government to reach its the interference of relevant branch chief. The person such as Zhang Xiangzhi suggests, the respect waits in control of equipment operation, quality and even personnel configuration, hand in attributive as far as possible by branch of environmental protection of on one class.
Regard a country as 863 plans " key city group atmosphere is compound pollution prevents and cure integratedly technology and compositive set an example " one of member that the project is comprised, beijing University teachs Zhang Yuanhang to have feeling greatly to the function that perpendicular managing. This project chooses bead trigonometry serves as core demonstrative area. "Bead trigonometry is distributinging the 50 many stations that monitor, by the province one step comes monitoring, data decorates quality more reliable. If guard a pass by each city ego, after all has technical measure to come cheat. " Zhang Yuanhang says.
"Introduce tripartite " also be the personage inside course of study about avoiding another proposals of PM 2.5 cheat. Look in Chai Fage, PM 2.5 is monitored want to commercialize road after all with evaluation job, that is to say, those relatively trifling, labor are concentrated model the job is handed in go doing by tripartite, let branch of various environmental protection solve emergence to come from which, concentrate energy in monitoring point of program, standard make, sequel is superintended wait for a respect. Cooperative association of such division of labor makes PM 2.5 processing more efficient.
According to Introduction Zhang Xiangzhi, jiangsu already began to explore the tripartite that breeds socialization to monitor an orgnaization, future can let his share the moving management of the environmental information such as PM 2.5 and quality control. But the reporter understands, be in at least at present, the sincere letter of tripartite orgnaization is spent insufficient still, appear likely " government-owned businessman collusion " the moral risk of and so on. Chai Fage emphasizes: "Commercialized route goes very painful. We are afraid even, after commercializing because the mechanism is non-standard, negative effect is bigger than now perhaps. But this is one needs the road of classics, must be done so. Must be done so..
"P M2.5 is monitored with processing it is permanent worker Cheng. It is with the United States exemple, from on metaphase begins the century seventies research PM 2.5, just include the standard that monitor to undertake announcing till 1997, and the propulsion that works as processing, the numerical value that monitor is ceaseless and perfect, accuse a standard to edit ceaselessly character. " the expert such as Zhang Yuanhang puts forward, if of one mind wants to monitor the cheat in the process in PM 2.5, technical measure emerges in endlessly. Compare with photograph of the ceaseless and perfect technology that monitor, more crucial is a place various government should form consensus, the station is in place people is healthy with economic society the height of long-term development sees a problem.
(This edition manuscript is not by glow of reporter Liang Jialin, Jiang Gang, laborious forest, Zhang Zhanpeng, Zhang Fei, star, Ni Yuanjin is interviewed and write)
